Epidemiological characterization of deliveries and births: ecological study based on an information system

Abstract

This study aimed to update the epidemiological characterization of deliveries and births in Rio Grande do Norte between 2012 and 2022, using secondary data from the Live Birth Information System (SINASC). The methodology consisted of an ecological study with a quantitative approach, analyzing maternal, neonatal, and spatial variables through TabNet (DATASUS) and Excel. The results showed 507,611 live births during the period, with a predominance in the metropolitan region of Natal (over 50% of deliveries). Most mothers were between 20 and 29 years old (49.1%), had 8 to 11 years of schooling (55.5%), and had seven or more prenatal consultations (64.6%). Regarding the type of delivery, 62% were cesarean sections, exceeding the WHO recommendation. The newborns presented adequate birth weight (64.7% between 3,000 and 3,999 g) and satisfactory Apgar scores (87.4% with 8-10 at 1 minute). Congenital anomalies were underreported, indicating flaws in the completion of the Live Birth Certificate. The discussion highlighted the need for improvements in obstetric care, reduction of the overmedicalization of childbirth, and strengthening of prenatal care. The conclusion is that, although advances have been made in prenatal coverage, challenges such as the high rate of cesarean sections and underreporting of anomalies persist, requiring more effective public policies to ensure humane and evidence-based care.